Quantum Physics And Mechanics
The basics:
Superposition. This is the understanding that on e fundemental level things are not either one or the other but a combination of two states. A cat in our minds is either alive or dead but on a fundemental level, it is both alive and dead. It is constantly between states.
Particles depicted as wavefunctions. As opposed to water or sound these are not real waves but are an abstract mathematical description. To find the amplitude of the particle wave we square it, and once squared we can look at the wavelengths and judge the probability of where the particle actually is, but the exact location is never certain. The waves of particles are only a mathmatical idea, not something we have ever physically seen. It is simply a way to measure the particles. This difference is called The Measurement Problem.
The interference problem. It is best explained in the Machine Gun Expeiriment which is too complex to describe here, but essentially it tells us that electrons and other particles behave like waves at the quantum level. So despite the fact that they don't look like waves, they behave like waves and that explains why measuring them using wave patterns works so effectivly.
Entanglement. This is when two wave patterns, electron waves for example, meet and their waves combine to form one long wave. Essentially the conjoined twin waves.
Quantum Tunneling. This is the ability for particles at the quantum level to traverse through barriers they would not be able to in classical physics. For example an electron travelling through a wall, something that does not happen in the non-quantum world.
The Many Worlds Theory. Here are the basics:
There are three proposed theories regarding the Many Worlds Theory: Bubble Universes, the theory that different universes within our own that we cannot see because they are outside of what light has reached us and have different physics that make them unaccessable to us, Membranes, the theory that our observable universe is just the three dimenional surface and there are 9 other dimensions that broaden our universe and that if our world is like a page in a magazine then that leaves room for other pages (three dimensional worlds) within out broader universe, and the Many Worlds Theory that every descision creates a branched universe where the opposite hapened
Quantum Mechanics of the brain: